There is no written evidence to tell us who is covering the phrase educational technology. Different educators, scientists and philosophers from different periods have different definitions of educational technology. Educational technology is a multifaceted and integrated process involving people, procedures, ideas, equipment, and organization, in which technology from different scientific fields is borrowed to implement, evaluate, and manage solutions to problems based on educational needs and requirements. Every aspect of human learning.
In a broad sense, educational technology has passed. from
Five stages from
.
The first phase of educational technology is combined with the use of tools such as charts, maps, symbols, models, specimens and concrete materials. The term educational technology is used as a synonym for audiovisual aids.
The second phase of educational technology is related to the electronic revolution. With the introduction and establishment of advanced hardware and software. The use of a variety of audiovisual equipment, such as projectors, magic lights, tape recorders, radio and television, has revolutionized the educational scene. Therefore, the educational technology concept is to present teaching materials effectively based on these aggregated instruments and equipment.
The third phase of educational technology was linked to the development of mass media, which in turn led to the spread of the revolution. For teaching purposes. Computer-aided instruction [CAI] for education since the 1950s has also become popular in this era.
The fourth stage of educational technology can be identified through a personalized teaching process. The invention of programmatic learning and programmatic teaching provides a new dimension to educational technology. A self-learning system based on self-learning materials and teaching machines has emerged.
The latest educational technology concepts are influenced by systems engineering or systems approach concepts that focus on language labs, instructional machines, program teaching, multimedia technology, and the use of computers in teaching. Accordingly, educational technology is a systematic approach to designing, implementing and evaluating the entire process of teaching and learning based on the specific objectives of the research.
Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age Education Technology
Although educational technology does not have the origin of the term, it can be traced back to the systematic stages of the three eras of human prehistoric history; namely the Stone Age, the Bronze Age and the Iron Age.
In the Stone Age, the use of friction stones to ignite fires, the manufacture of various hand-made weapons and stone and clothing practices were some of the most important simple technological developments. A small group of people in the Stone Age developed the technology of outrigger canoe boats with ocean value, moving from one place in the ocean to another, through which they developed their first informal education, including Ocean currents, weather conditions, sailing exercises, space navigation and star maps. In the later Stone Age [the Neolithic Age], for agricultural practice, polished stone tools were mainly made from various hard rock by excavating underground tunnels, which can be considered as the first step in mining technology. Polishing shafts are very effective, even after the appearance of bronze and iron; people use it to clean up forests and build crops.
Although the Stone Age culture did not leave any written records, archaeological evidence proved that they moved from nomadic life to agricultural settlement. Ancient tools preserved in different museums, cave paintings such as the caves of Altamira in Spain, and other prehistoric works, such as Venus in Velendorf, the goddess of the mother from Russell, etc., are beneficial to them. Evidence of culture.
The Neolithic revolution in the Stone Age involved the emergence of the Bronze Age, agricultural development, animal domestication and the adoption of permanent settlements. For these practices, the people of the Bronze Age further developed metal smelting, copper and later bronze, tin and copper alloys, which were the materials of their choice.
People in the Iron Age replaced bronze and developed knowledge of iron smelting technology to reduce the cost of living because iron appliances are stronger and cheaper than bronze appliances. In many Eurasian cultures, the Iron Age was the last period before the development of written scripts.
Educational technology in ancient civilization
According to Paul Saettler, in 2004, educational technology can be traced back to the era when tribal practices systematically invented hieroglyphics or signed writing to record and transmit information. At every stage of human civilization, people can find teaching techniques or a set of procedures aimed at achieving a specific culture. These techniques are also supported by a large number of investigations and evidence. The more advanced the culture, the more complex the teaching techniques are, reflecting the specific ways in which individuals and social behaviors are designed to operate an educated society. For centuries, every major shift in educational values, goals or goals has led to a variety of teaching techniques.
The greatest advances in technology and engineering are accompanied by the rise of ancient civilizations. These advances have stimulated and educated other societies around the world to adopt new ways of life and governance.
The Indus Valley civilization was an early civilization of the Bronze Age and was located in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent. Civilizations flourished around the Indus Rivers of the Indus and Punjabs, extending to the Ghaggar-Hakra River Valley and the Ganges-Yamuna Doab [most of which are located in today's Pakistan and Western states]. Modern India and part of civilization extend to southeastern Afghanistan. And the easternmost part of the Balochistan province of Iran.
There is indeed a long-standing controversy in the language spoken by the people of Harapan. Suppose their writing seems to be at least a hieroglyph. The script seems to have about 400 basic signs, with many variations. People usually write their scripts from right to left. Most articles are found on seals and seals, which may be used for trade and official and administrative work.
The Harapan people understand the measurement tools for length, quality and time. They are the first people in the world to develop a unified weight and measurement system.
In a study by PN Rao et al. In 2009, computer scientists published in the journal Science found that the pattern of the Sycamore script is closer to the pattern of spoken language, which supports the hypothesis that it encodes an unknown language.
According to Chinese civilization, some of China's major technology offers include paper, early seismic detectors, toilet paper, matches, iron plows, multi-tube seed drills, suspension bridges, wheelbarrows, parachutes, and natural gas. Fuel, magnetic compass, raised map, blast furnace, propeller, hoe, southern pointing chariot and gunpowder. With the invention of paper, they took the first step in the development of educational technology by further cultivating different handmade paper products as visual aids.
The ancient Egyptian language used to be one of the longest-lived languages in the world. Their scripts consist of photographs of real objects such as birds, animals, and different tools. These photos are often referred to as hieroglyphics. Their language consists of more than 500 hieroglyphs called hieroglyphics. Evidence of various forms of artistic hieroglyphics in ancient Egypt was provided on stone monuments or tombs that were later discovered and rescued.
Medieval and modern educational technology
The paper and pulp and paper processes developed in China in the early 2nd century were shipped to the Middle East and spread to the Mediterranean through Muslim conquest. There is evidence to support the establishment of a paper mill in Sicily in the 12th century. The discovery of the spinning wheel greatly improved the productivity of the line making process. When Linn White increased the number of rags in the spinning wheel, this led to the production of cheap paper, which was a major factor in the development of printing technology. .
The invention of the printing press was invented by the German inventor Johannes Gutenburg around 1450 AD. The invention of the printing press is a major development factor in the history of educational technology, which conveys teaching according to the needs of complex and advanced technology culture and society.
In the pre-industrial stage, although the industry was only craftsman-level, the teaching process relied heavily on simple things such as slate, horns, blackboards and chalk. It is limited to a textbook with some illustrations. Educational technology is considered synonymous with simple aids such as charts and pictures.
1873 may be considered an early milestone in educational or audiovisual education technology. At an international exhibition in Vienna, an American school won the appreciation of educators for maps, charts, textbooks and other equipment exhibitions.
Maria Montessori [1870-1952], international...
Orignal From: History of educational technology
No comments:
Post a Comment